Feb 1, 2022 · The cost, income, EP, and RIC are calculated as per Lu and Liao (2017): (1) Ct = ∑ k = 0 n (C 1 + C 2 + ⋯ C i) where Ct is the total cost for pig manure compost processing (CNY·t −1) and C1,C2Ci is the cost of input i (i = 1–12, Fig. 5 a) (2) Income = Y fert × P fert where Income is the average income (CNY·t −1) for dealing with